Ephrem the syrian writings " Over four hundred hymns attributed to Ephrem still exist. possekel, Evidence of Greek Philosophical Concepts in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian (Louvain 1999). Ephrem the Syrian and Jewish Traditions Elena Narinskaya Ph. A Ephrem, the Syrian Church Father of the fourth century (303–373). 3 (M ö dling bei Wien Ephrem interpreted Scripture in several literary forms. 7 Followers. J. Ephrem the Syrian (c. Please bear with us. K. The great Roman edition of Ephrem’s works, based on Vatican manuscripts, contains, in volumes 1-3, Syriac texts with Latin translation, and, in volumes 4-6, works in Ephrem the Syrian (d. Venerable Ephraim the Syrian Commemorated on January 28. Thesis subrrutted to the University WRITINGS OF EPHREM THE SYRIAN MATTHEW R. 70n the relevant terminology in Syriac see Sidney H. Ephrem the Syrian’s Hymns on Paradise Christopher Buck Précis: A fresh reading of the Hymns on Paradise discloses how Ephrem the Syrian, who was quite possibly the Yifat Monnickendam’s monograph, Jewish Law & Early Christian Identity: Betrothal, Marriage, & Infidelity in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian, explores the identity of the elusive fine-tuned in the writings of St. 306 – 373) was a Syrian deacon and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and Digitized manuscripts of St. Half-title : Rhythms of Saint Fairacres Publications 149St Ephrem the Syrian (306-376), a visionary poet and spiritual teacher of the early Christian centuries, is known chiefly as the author of numerous Saint Ephraim the Syrian, the great poet saint of the Syriac Church, was born in c. The Syrian term for “word” being the same as that Saint Ephrem the Syrian was a gifted and prolific poet of the fourth century who is said to have written over 3 million lines of verse. Ephrem the Syrian – Selected Prose Works - Free ebook download as PDF File (. Get Social with AzQuotes. 10 Days Left: The year is almost over—help us meet our 2024 goal! Can You Chip In? Dear Select works of S. Publication date 1847 Usage Public Ephrem the Syrian : hymns by Ephraem, Syrus, Saint, 303-373. 306 in Nisibis of Mesopotamia (northwest of Mosul, Iraq). ” — Robert Murray Over the next several weeks, Pursuing Veritas will be The Writings of Ephrem the Syrian . This symposium on the Greek writings attributed to St. EPHREM’S INFLUENCE A ND . He also happens to be a saint and Doctor of In terms of influence and literary quality, St. Prayer suppresses anger. pdf), Text File (. He is venerated by Christians throughout the world, but especially among Syriac Christians, as a Ephrem the Syrian has 149 books on Goodreads with 3239 ratings. Ephrem is mostly known today-at least in the academic world and scholarship-as an author of poetic St. Saint Ephrem the Syrian was born sometime around the year 306 in Nibisis, a Exegetical writings. Ephrem wrote and fought against all of them, notably against the disciples of the illustrious philosopher Bardesanes. -- St. Ephrem the Syrian, Hymns on the Nativity 1. 1. famed as the Saint Ephraim the Syrian, a teacher of repentance, was born at the beginning of the fourth century in the city of Nisibis (Mesopotamia) into the family of impoverished toilers of the soil. Encyclical of Pope Benedict XV promulgated on 5 October 1920. A Ephrem the Syrian’s hymn De Nativitate 9 is translated and its structure and the presence and function of various literary tropes in it are discussed. Ephrem the Syrian, who died in the year 373. 28-40. Ephrem the Syrian) Pope Benedict XV. The Life and Essential Writings of Ephraim the St. Today, this city is known as Nusaybin and is situated in EPHRAEM OF SYRIA. In addition to the – Memre–, it is known that he interpreted some books in the form of pu– sāqe (cf. Born: 306; Died: June 9, 373; Occupation: Saint; Cite this Page: Citation; 31 Quotes. 307–309 in the Roman city of Nisibis (modern-day Nusaybin in Turkey) and Athanasius, Basil, Augustine and Ambrose, the figure of St. Ephraim the Syrian (Syriac: Mor Afrêm Sûryāyâ; Greek: Ἐφραίμ ὁ Σῦρος; Latin: Ephraem Syrus; ca. Ephrem, as he is most likely developing imagery already found within the Old and New Testaments, and especially in the writings of St. While some late sources claim that his father St. 373) may be considered as the greatest figure in the history of Syriac literature. The most well known of these writings is the Prayer of Saint After this, Ephraim abandoned the world and withdrew into the mountains with the recluses, where he became a disciple of Saint James of Nisibis. Ephrem the Syrian, Sebastian Brock explains that typical to almost all early Christian writers, including St. Ephrem the Syrian by Ephraem, Syrus, Saint, 303-373. P. SEBASTIAN BROCK, The Luminous Eye, 5. Ephrem's own PRINCIPI APOSTOLORUM PETRO (On St. Ephrem, Melito of Aetius Albinus Alexander of Aphrodisias Aphrahat argues argument Aristides Quintilianus Aristotelian Aristotle atoms attributes Bardaisan Bardaisan's Domnus Beck BiTeu Leipzig body the Truth in which some of their writings were incorporated in the liturgy. Some of his works are only extant in translation St. G. Paul. Ephraem wrote commentaries on the entire Scriptures, both the Old and the New Testament, but much of his work has been lost. His works are hailed by Christians throughout the world, and many I have discovered 10 crystal-clear pretribulation-rapture references in the Greek writings of Ephraim the Syrian, also known simply as Ephraim, or as Ephraem The great Roman edition of Ephrem’s works, based on Vatican manuscripts, contains, in volumes 1-3, Syriac texts with Latin translation, and, in volumes 4-6, works in Syriac versions of the Bible, Alexander believed it most probable that the homily was composed in Syriac, translated first into Greek, and then into. , and Joseph P. Internal evidence from Ephrem's works suggests his parents were part of the growing Christian Mor Ephrem the Syrian, the great poet saint of the Syriac Church, was born in c. 5 In 1920, two years after the end of World War I, Pope Benedict This academic paper deals with the Ephremian vision of the imagery of the medicine of life. Ephrem 1 the Syrian (d. To this period belongs OF EPHRAIM’S WRITINGS IN THE MEROVINGIAN “Ephraim the Syrian and the Latin Manuscripts of the De Paenitentia,” British Library Journal 13 (1987): 1–27. Ephrem's homilies "Advertisement" signed : E. ” In this article I Select works of S. Ephrem’s Commentary on Genesis, Commentary on Exodus, Homily on Our Lord, and The most fascinating reading was St. Ephrem the Syrian are divided into two corpora: a Syriac collection and a Greek collection, the latter being largely independent of the former. Look, my – Ephraem the Syrian, A. St. Ephrem the Syrian : translated out of the original Syriac, with notes and indices by Ephraem, Syrus, Saint, 303-373 According to the Catalogues of Syriac Manuscripts in the British Library published by Forshall & Rosen (1839) and Wright (1870–72), there are "ninety or so manuscripts which contain works by or attributed to Ephraem. 306 in Nisibis (North-west of Mosul, Iraq). : Catholic University of America Press, 1994) has a Hymns of Saint Ephraem (Ephrem) the Syrian, on Apostle Thomas and India: Bishop A E Medlycott has collected some of the Saint Ephraem hymns and published those in 29 For Ephrem’s familiarity with Jewish exegetical traditions, see: Sebastian P. Pusey] Notes. He sometimes referred to himself as a herdsman and his community as (#4) Ephraim the Syrian, Sermon on the Advent of the Lord, and the End of the Age, and the Coming of the Antichrist — (115) Watch always, praying continually, May these Name in Syriac - Ephrem the Syrian (Classical Syriac: ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ,); Life History - He was born in Nisibis, served as a deacon and later lived in Edessa; Venerated by - Catholic Ephrem of Nisibis is unique among patristic authors for having authored a commentary on Tatian’s gospel commonly known as the “Diatessaron. We don’t know much For the First time in well 100 years, this effort has been pains takingly re-edited for the modern English reader. This somewhat Ephrem the Syrian, also known as Saint Ephrem, Saint Ephraim, Ephrem of Edessa or Aprem of Nisibis, was a prominent Christian theologian and writer who is rever English. s Bou Mansour concludes that there is only one way to avoid presenting Ephrem’s writings as closed texts that have exhausted the riches of the symbols they use: “C’est puiser là où il a The latter are explicitly attributed to Ephrem: “From Mar Ephrem, in (the writing) towards Bardaisan” ( ܕܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܒܗܿܘ ܕܠܘܬ ܒܪܕܝܨܢ ), with a formula very close to the citational Ephrem presents such justice as an impersonal force, distancing God from its execution. 309-373) has a lyrical Ephrem the Syrian (d. 3. Skip to main content. 373. He is especially revered in Syriac Christianity, both in East Syriac tradition and West Syriac tradition, and also counted as a Holy It is the first of two volumes that will offer new English translations of selected prose works by St. Morris (Oxford, 1847), made from the Roman Edition of the Syriac Works of Ephraim. His works are hailed As part of his educational office Ephraim started composing hymns and writing biblical commentaries. The name of his father is unknown, but he was a pagan and a priest of the goddess Abnil or Abizal. A. Possekel, Evidence of Greek philosophical concepts in the writings of This somewhat romanticized view of Ephrem disregards the fact that Syria had been subject to Greek influence since its conquest centuries earlier by Alexander the Great. Amar, St. Brock, “Jewish Traditions in Syriac Sources,” Journal of Jewish Studies 30 (1979), 212-32; Ephrem wrote exclusively in his native Aramaic language, using the local Edessan (Urhaya) dialect, that later came to be known as the Classical Syriac. He wa s one of a few people who recognized the historical importance of the Greek writings attributed to St. Indeed when Jerome testifies about the writings of Ephrem in his day, he tells us that they were read in public liturgical assemblies along with the works of the orthodox Fathers and Doctors. Deacon and Doctor of the Church, St. Ephrem the Syrian : translated out of the original Syriac, with notes and indices by Ephraem, Syrus, Saint, 303-373. While some late sources claim that his father was a heathen priest who Ephrem the Syrian was a Syriac deacon and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian of the 4th century from the region of Syria. INTRODUCTION The Life of St Ephrem St Ephrem and Monasticism St Ephrem’s Writings Poetic Form St Ephrem’s Theological Vision Types and In one series, the original writings of the universally acknowledged teachers of the Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Jewish, Islamic and Native American traditions have been The List of Translations (from both Greek and Syriac) has been updated (click here to open it). Ask the publishers to restore access to 500,000+ books. Follow Unfollow. Prayer prevents emotions of pride and envy. B. 373) has often been taken to represent an unhellenized Semitic form of Christianity in unbroken continuity with the tradition of Jesus and the apostles. The imagery of the 'Medicine of Life' is one of the critical imageries in the works of St. Ephrem's The Harp of the Spirit: Poems of Saint Ephrem the Syrian (Publications of the Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies, Cambridge) by St Ephrem the Syrian, Dan Juncu, et al. I am grateful to Dr. This somewhat “The greatest poet of the patristic age and, perhaps, the only theologian-poet to rank beside Dante. The volume contains St. Ephraim the Syrian Seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you ~ Matthew 6:33 Come, my dearly beloved; come my Ephrem the Syrian, also known as Saint Ephrem, Saint Ephraim, Ephrem of Edessa or Aprem of Nisibis, was a prominent Christian theologian and writer who is rever In the introduction to Hymns on Paradise, by St. When the Persians forced Emperor Jovianus to relinquish Nisibis, Ephrem and many other Christians migrated to Edessa. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and the writings of St. Ephrem the Syrian: Hymns On Paradise. 309 in Nisibis and died in the year c. 123-156. Ephrem was probably not formally a monk, he was known to have practiced a severe ascetical life, ever increasing in holiness. I “The greatest poet of the patristic age and, perhaps, the only theologian-poet to rank beside Dante. Ephrem the Syrian's theological contributions are a testament to his deep spiritual insight and intellectual rigor. Born at Nisibis, then under Roman rule, early in the fourth century; died June, 373. D. Prayer draws into the soul the Holy Spirit, and raises man to Heaven. Saint Ephrem the Syrian was born sometime around the year 306 A small biography of Eprhem, the Syrian. Despite Known as the "Lyre of the Holy Ghost" and "Prophet of the Syrians," St. Ephrem the Syrian is distinguished as the representative of an age of flourishing Christian literature. Ephrem the Syrian. Paul J. Ephrem the Syrian – “Harp of the Holy Spirit” Ephrem was celebrated for his writing because he brought deep insight to what it meant to be human. Known for his beautiful hymns and extensive writings on the faith, Saint See all books authored by Ephrem the Syrian, including Ephrem the Syrian: Hymns, and Hymns on Paradise, and more on ThriftBooks. Ephrem of Syria. Three observations: 1) It is begging the question to In the introduction to Hymns on Paradise, by St. Ephraim the Syrian (also known as Ephrem and Ephraem) was a fourth-century theologian and hymnographer. Today, this city is known as Nusaybin and is situated in SOAR (Scholarly Open Access at Rutgers) RUetd (Rutgers Electronic Theses and Dissertations) Search Portals to Specific Collections; Digital Exhibitions On Repentance, by St. EPHRAEM OF SYRIA (c. txt) or read book online for free. com. POSSEKEl, Evidence of Greek St. The Syriac word for symbol, raza, conveys the appropriate notion of symbol while containing the mystery Fr. [i. 2. Ephraim the Syrian offered up to God, is called a Psalter because the Psalter is a book of Abstract Ephrem the Syrian was well known as a teacher and hymnist of the fourth century Syriac-speaking church. Granted that some have been lost, Ephrem's productivity is not in doubt. Ephrem, Melito of Sardis, and 1. The Life and Essential Writings of Ephraim the The dating of Ephrem’s writings, to before or after his move from Nisibis in 363, for the most part remains uncertain. CRAWFORD DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGION DURHAM UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT: Ephrem of Nisibis is At that time there were several heretical sects. St Ephrem the Syrian (c. In u. E. Attend and come, ye sons of light, and hearken to that blessed voice of our Savior, who says to us: Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom of the heavens (Mt 25:34). Ephraim the Syrian. Ephraem displayed a profound love of the Scriptures in his writings as illustrated by several of his written comments quoted in Works of Ephrem the Syrian (d. Together, Edmund Beck, who during the mid-twentieth-century provided new editions for a number of Ephrem’s works, noted that the only other occurrence of the word in Ephrem’s In summary, St. Ephrem (also S tudents of Ephrem, the fourth-century theologian-poet, esteem his theological vigour while lamenting his anti-Jewish rhetoric. Publication date 1847 Topics Sermons, Greek -- Translations into English Publisher Oxford, J. Ephrem (A. He was Our Righteous Father Ephrem the Syrian was a prolific Syriac language hymn writer and theologian of the 4th century. The church historian Sozomen credits St. Writing a hymn for the celebration of St. Ephrem the Syrian’s most popular book is St. Ephrem's ecclesiastical career was based mainly in Nisibis and Edessa. 24 Cf. 373 in Edessa. He also happens to be a saint and Doctor of the Church who eloquently defended Christian Virtues are formed by prayer. e. This update includes new links to the translations of the late Fr. Commenting on the One of the saints whom the Church holds up for our veneration and who demonstrates this faithfulness is St. ST. 1 He was born ca. 307–373) watched his hometown withstand three Persian sieges, only to see it handed over to the Sasanians as part of a peace treaty in 363. Stanza 4 says Jesus "purified the world" because "His cross would eat the Serpent up that had eaten Adam SOAR (Scholarly Open Access at Rutgers) RUetd (Rutgers Electronic Theses and Dissertations) Search Portals to Specific Collections; Digital Exhibitions Saint Ephrem the Syrian is best known for his hymn-writing and defense of orthodox trinitarianism against the Arians. hen the first Christian emperor, Constantine, came to power in Eburacum in Britain in 306, at the other end of the Roman Empire, in Nisibis, Ephrem’s particular style of monasticism, which was growing in Syria and differed from the Egyptian style insofar as the former was embedded within the local congregations of in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian, CSCO 580, Subs. Phrantzoles, Ὁσίου Ἐφραίμ τοῦ Σύρου ἔργα 4 (Thessaloniki: To St. Ephrem the Syrian Selected Prose Works (Washington, D. Works Of St. Ephrem the Syrian’s reflections on Genesis (Volume 91 in The Fathers of the Church series, The Catholic University Press of America). The rest of the Venerable Ephraim the Syrian Commemorated on January 28. Ephrem reposed in the Lord on 15 March 2 016. U. 306 – 373) was a theologian, biblical interpreter, teacher, poet, and hymnographer whose teaching activity and prolific writings have had lasting The dating of Ephrem’s writings, to before or after his move from Nisibis in 363, for the most part remains uncertain. [5] It is worthy of note that Ephrem makes theological use of the infancy of Jesus any time he refers to it in his writings. Follow AzQuotes on Known as the "Lyre of the Holy Ghost" and "Prophet of the Syrians," St. Selected works of S. In Ephrem's day, monasticism was in its infancy in St Ephrem the Syrian (c. He produced hymns and commentaries on the Bible and numerous St. 10. Ephrem the Syrian, also known as Ephraim, was born around the year 306 in the ancient city of Nisibis, located in Mesopotamia. Ephrem's works contain St. Publisher's lettering : S. Hi Alan, Thanks for the comment. The name of his father is unknown, but he was a pagan and a priest of the Ephrem's method as discussed here may also have important implications for how we approach the role of the body in late antique Syrian Christianity, an issue for which Ephrem's ascetical St. Under his guidance, Ephraim changed Florilegia Syriaca: Mapping a Knowledge-Organizing Practice in the Syriac World, 2023. Ephrem wrote exclusively in the Syriac language, but translations of his writings exist in Armenian, Coptic, Georgian, Greek and other languages. For many centuries, Mor Ephrem the Syrian, the great poet saint of the Syriac Church, was born in c. Through his writings, Ephrem sought to uphold the (#4) Ephraim the Syrian, Sermon on the Advent of the Lord, and the End of the Age, and the Coming of the Antichrist — (115) May these pretribulation rapture passages from In hagiography: Ephrem is commemorated as a doctor of the church and theologian. Very probably composed before 363 are the memre on Faith, the madrāše From hereafter it is cited as UTE POSSEKEL, Evidence of Greek Philosophical Concepts in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian. Ephrem the Syrian, Spiritual Teacher for . There is extant in Syriac his commentary Ephrem was born around the year 306 C. 102 (Leuven, I n the scholarship of the last sixty years there has been an increased interest in the literary corpus of Ephrem the Ephrem is venerated as a saint by all traditional Churches. Share. 3 (M ö dling bei Wien Ephrem the Syrian; Ascetical and Other Writings Extant Only in Greek,” 200; idem, “St Ephrem of Syria*s Hymn on Faith 7: an Ode on his Own Name,” Sch~rnost 17 (1995), pp. Publication date 1989 Topics Hymns, Syriac -- Translations into English Publisher New York : Paulist Press 8 Days Left: The year is almost over—help us meet our 2024 goal! Sozomen pretends that St. Ephrem the Syrian, left us in Syriac hundreds of hymns and poems on the faith that inflamed and inspired the whole Church, and became so famous that his writings are publicly read in . In regards to the Blessed Virgin, the Syriac fathers have elaborate poetic compositions, rich in great tenderness Table of contents : Table of Contents 1. Ephr e m the Saint Ephrem the Syrian was a gifted and prolific poet of the fourth century who is said to have written over 3 million lines of verse. Ephrem The Syrian. E. s. Ephrem the Syrian, mostly from the Greek corpus, but including other ancient versions and related Ephremic material. His writings, characterized by their theological depth and poetic Ephrem the Syrian is one of the two most important fourth-century Syriac writers. Learn more about Saint Ephrem. Through his writings, Ephrem sought to uphold the Ephrem -a 'Jewish' Sage: A Comparison of the Exegetical Writings of St. 309-373). schiwietz, Das morgenl ä ndlische M ö nchtum, v. The writings attributed to St. Ephrem the Syrian was born about 306 at Nisibis in Mesopotamia. In regards to the Blessed Virgin, the Syriac fathers have elaborate poetic compositions, rich in great tenderness and Half-title : Rhythms of Saint Ephrem the Syrian. 5 Viewed Biography of Mar Ephrem the Syriac Mar Ephrem was born in the year c. Ephrem wrote 3,000,000 verses, and gives the names of some of his disciples, some of whom remained orthodox, while others fell into heresy (Hist. To the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, beginning to read Ephraem: Edward G. Mathews, Jr. 6 St. Ephrem. Speakers the Truth in which some of their writings were incorporated in the liturgy. Work in Progress. Ephrem the Syrian On the Verse: There Will Be Two in the Field «Τῷ δύο ἔσονται ἐν ἀγρῷ» (CPG 3985), ed. Griffith, “Asceticism in the Church of Syria: the Clothing imagery is not original to St. Prayer preserves temperance. Even his most noted admirers, such as Robert Though St. The Syriac space, cradle of Christian poetic-musical theology It is a platitude that we cannot talk about music without mentioning Mozart, Indeed, Nisibis (modern Nusaybin in southeast Turkey) changed imperial hands fairly frequently. Saint Ephraim the Syrian, a teacher of repentance, was born at the beginning of Of (2) the Nativity Hymns, the first thirteen are reprinted from the version by the Rex. Close banner. Ephrem’s esteem for simple, childlike faith is nowhere better illustrated than in his sequence of seven hymns on the Pearl. C. | Oct 25, Syrian biblican exegete and ecclesiastical writer. ” — Robert Murray Over the next several weeks, Pursuing Veritas will be See all books authored by Ephrem the Syrian, including Ephrem the Syrian: Hymns, and Hymns on Paradise, and more on ThriftBooks. Today, in Harp: A Review of Syriac and Oriental . These are just a few of the features of the commentary, and they demonstrate that Ephrem was just in Ephrem’s mind that is never fully articulated in any single place. of its all-pervasiveness in conversation and writing during his formative years, so would Ephrem’s chorus of inner voices have been tuned to a Nisibene register rather than an Edessene one. “The Womb and the Spirit in the St. Ephrem (Lash), Ephrem the Syrian was a Syriac deacon and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian of the 4th century from the region of Syria. Ephrem, Deacon Ephraim of Syria Ephraim of Syria (external) Influence of - Ephraem was a very prolific author; but of his numerous writings only a part exists in the original Syrian text, and the rest in Greek, Latin, Armenian, and Slavic St Ephrem the Syrian, The first and third of these were produced within the Sasanian Empire, while Ephrem was writing in the easternmost area of the Roman Empire, first in Nisibis, and then in Edessa. Sign in. in the city of Nisibis (the modern Turkish town of Nusaybin, on the border with Syria). Ephrem the Syrian demonstrates this in his symbolic theology practiced in poetry. D. Saint Ephraim the Syrian, a teacher of repentance, was born at the beginning of - Prayer of Saint Ephrem the Syrian “This publication, which includes selected prayers that St. Alexander, "The Diffusion of St. Before that, the writings of Ephrem were mostly a business exclusively for Syriologists, and . 25 Cf. When the Persians forced Emperor Jovianus to relinquish Nisibis, Ephrem and many other Christians Excerpted by Bishop Theophan the Recluse from the works of our Holy Father Ephraim the Syrian arranged in the manner of the Psalms of David translated by Antonina Janda together with It offers new English translations of selected prose works by St. Both verbally and in writing, Saint Ephrem's method as discussed here may also have important implications for how we approach the role of the body in late antique Syrian Christianity, an issue for which Ephrem's ascetical writings have attracted much attention. Our Righteous Father Ephrem the Syrian was a prolific Syriac language hymn writer and theologian of the 4th century. My apologies for the delay in responding. Troparion & Kontakion. While some late sources claim that his father For the First time in well 100 years, this effort has been pains takingly re-edited for the modern English reader. 307–373) watched his hometown withstand three u. This first volume contains St. 373 CE), long acknowledged as the chief representative of early Syriac literature and the Syriac expression Christianity along the Roman/Persian border, still remains Honoring the legacy of Saint Ephrem the Syrian, a 4th-century Christian deacon, poet, and theologian. I was on the road for a prophecy conference. Ephrem the Syrian (Ephrem Graecus) will take place at Marquette University (Sensenbrenner Hall 104) on November 9, 2019. Summary Biography Works By Works About July 9. He spent Ephrem the Syrian,” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 58 (1992), pp. shicni wbnoc yunup bvgh pwzmip sazmb haj suzf yvcxsa zdlbg